Water with a higher salt concentration than typical freshwater can create different requirements for a reverse osmosis system. Groundwater, surface water, municipal supplies, and certain
Reverse osmosis (RO) is widely used when dissolved salts and other impurities need to be separated from water. However, not every RO application requires the
Reverse osmosis does not always require the same operating pressure. When the feed water has relatively low salinity, using a membrane designed for ultra-low-pressure operation
Ultrafiltration systems are often selected when a water treatment process needs to remove suspended particles, colloids, microorganisms, and other larger contaminants before a downstream purification
Ultrafiltration is often used when a water treatment process needs reliable removal of suspended particles, colloids, and microorganisms before a downstream purification stage. However, the
When a water treatment system needs selective separation without necessarily applying the operating conditions associated with conventional reverse osmosis, nanofiltration can be a useful option.
